PhaseCurveTemplateTemporalModel

class gammapy.modeling.models.PhaseCurveTemplateTemporalModel(table, time_0, phase_0, f0, f1=0, f2=0)[source]

Bases: gammapy.modeling.models.TemporalModel

Temporal phase curve model.

Phase for a given time is computed as:

\[\phi(t) = \phi_0 + f_0(t-t_0) + (1/2)f_1(t-t_0)^2 + (1/6)f_2(t-t_0)^3\]

Strictly periodic sources such as gamma-ray binaries have f1=0 and f2=0. Sources like some pulsars where the period spins up or down have f1!=0 and / or f2 !=0. For a binary, f0 should be calculated as 1/T, where T is the period of the binary in unit of seconds.

The “phase curve”, i.e. multiplicative flux factor for a given phase is given by a Table of nodes (phase, norm), using linear interpolation and circular behaviour, where norm(phase=0) == norm(phase=1).

Parameters
tableTable

A table of ‘PHASE’ vs ‘NORM’ should be given

time_0float

The MJD value where phase is considered as 0.

phase_0float

Phase at the reference MJD

f0, f1, f2float

Derivatives of the function phi with time of order 1, 2, 3 in units of s^-1, s^-2 & s^-3, respectively.

Examples

Create an example phase curve object:

from astropy.table import Table
from gammapy.utils.scripts import make_path
from gammapy.modeling.models import PhaseCurveTemplateTemporalModel
filename = make_path('$GAMMAPY_DATA/tests/phasecurve_LSI_DC.fits')
table = Table.read(filename)
phase_curve = PhaseCurveTemplateTemporalModel(table, time_0=43366.275, phase_0=0.0, f0=4.367575e-7, f1=0.0, f2=0.0)

Use it to compute a phase and evaluate the phase curve model for a given time:

>>> phase_curve.phase(time=46300.0)
0.7066006737999402
>>> phase_curve.evaluate_norm_at_time(46300)
0.49059393580053845

Attributes Summary

default_parameters

f0

A model parameter.

f1

A model parameter.

f2

A model parameter.

parameters

Parameters (Parameters)

phase_0

A model parameter.

tag

time_0

A model parameter.

Methods Summary

copy(self)

A deep copy.

create(tag, \*args, \*\*kwargs)

Create a model instance.

evaluate_norm_at_phase(self, phase)

evaluate_norm_at_time(self, time)

Evaluate for a given time.

from_dict(data)

phase(self, time)

Evaluate phase for a given time.

sample_time(self, n_events, t_min, t_max[, …])

Sample arrival times of events.

to_dict(self)

Create dict for YAML serialisation

Attributes Documentation

default_parameters = <gammapy.modeling.parameter.Parameters object>
f0

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name

factorfloat or Quantity

Factor

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting)

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting)

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting)

frozenbool, optional

Frozen? (used in fitting)

f1

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name

factorfloat or Quantity

Factor

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting)

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting)

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting)

frozenbool, optional

Frozen? (used in fitting)

f2

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name

factorfloat or Quantity

Factor

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting)

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting)

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting)

frozenbool, optional

Frozen? (used in fitting)

parameters

Parameters (Parameters)

phase_0

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name

factorfloat or Quantity

Factor

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting)

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting)

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting)

frozenbool, optional

Frozen? (used in fitting)

tag = 'PhaseCurveTemplateTemporalModel'
time_0

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name

factorfloat or Quantity

Factor

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting)

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting)

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting)

frozenbool, optional

Frozen? (used in fitting)

Methods Documentation

copy(self)

A deep copy.

static create(tag, *args, **kwargs)

Create a model instance.

Examples

>>> from gammapy.modeling import Model
>>> spectral_model = Model.create("PowerLaw2SpectralModel", amplitude="1e-10 cm-2 s-1", index=3)
>>> type(spectral_model)
gammapy.modeling.models.spectral.PowerLaw2SpectralModel
evaluate_norm_at_phase(self, phase)[source]
evaluate_norm_at_time(self, time)[source]

Evaluate for a given time.

Parameters
timearray_like

Time since the reference time.

Returns
normarray_like
classmethod from_dict(data)
phase(self, time)[source]

Evaluate phase for a given time.

Parameters
timearray_like
Returns
phasearray_like
sample_time(self, n_events, t_min, t_max, t_delta='1 s', random_state=0)[source]

Sample arrival times of events.

Parameters
n_eventsint

Number of events to sample.

t_minTime

Start time of the sampling.

t_maxTime

Stop time of the sampling.

t_deltaQuantity

Time step used for sampling of the temporal model.

random_state{int, ‘random-seed’, ‘global-rng’, RandomState}

Defines random number generator initialisation. Passed to get_random_state.

Returns
timeQuantity

Array with times of the sampled events.

to_dict(self)

Create dict for YAML serialisation