LinearTemporalModel#

class gammapy.modeling.models.LinearTemporalModel(**kwargs)[source]#

Bases: gammapy.modeling.models.temporal.TemporalModel

Temporal model with a linear variation.

For more information see Linear temporal model.

Parameters
alphafloat

Constant term of the baseline flux. Default is 1.

betaQuantity

Time variation coefficient of the flux. Default is 0.

t_refQuantity

The reference time in mjd. Frozen per default, at 2000-01-01.

Attributes Summary

alpha

A model parameter.

beta

A model parameter.

covariance

default_parameters

frozen

Frozen status of a model, True if all parameters are frozen.

is_energy_dependent

parameters

Parameters as a Parameters object.

reference_time

Reference time in MJD.

t_ref

A model parameter.

tag

type

Methods Summary

__call__(time[, energy])

Evaluate model.

copy(**kwargs)

Deep copy.

evaluate(time, alpha, beta, t_ref)

Evaluate at given times.

freeze()

Freeze all parameters.

from_dict(data, **kwargs)

Create a temporal model from a dictionary.

from_parameters(parameters, **kwargs)

Create model from parameter list.

integral(t_min, t_max)

Evaluate the integrated flux within the given time intervals.

plot(time_range[, ax, n_points])

Plot the temporal model.

reassign(datasets_names, new_datasets_names)

Reassign a model from one dataset to another.

sample_time(n_events, t_min, t_max[, ...])

Sample arrival times of events.

time_sum(t_min, t_max)

Total time between t_min and t_max.

to_dict([full_output])

Create dictionary for YAML serilisation.

unfreeze()

Restore parameters frozen status to default.

Attributes Documentation

alpha#

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name.

valuefloat or Quantity

Value.

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting).

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit.

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting).

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting).

frozenbool, optional

Frozen (used in fitting).

errorfloat

Parameter error.

scan_minfloat

Minimum value for the parameter scan. Overwrites scan_n_sigma.

scan_maxfloat

Minimum value for the parameter scan. Overwrites scan_n_sigma.

scan_n_values: int

Number of values to be used for the parameter scan.

scan_n_sigmaint

Number of sigmas to scan.

scan_values: `numpy.array`

Scan values. Overwrites all the scan keywords before.

scale_method{‘scale10’, ‘factor1’, None}

Method used to set factor and scale.

interp{“lin”, “sqrt”, “log”}

Parameter scaling to use for the scan.

is_normbool

Whether the parameter represents the flux norm of the model.

priorPrior

Prior set on the parameter.

beta#

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name.

valuefloat or Quantity

Value.

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting).

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit.

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting).

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting).

frozenbool, optional

Frozen (used in fitting).

errorfloat

Parameter error.

scan_minfloat

Minimum value for the parameter scan. Overwrites scan_n_sigma.

scan_maxfloat

Minimum value for the parameter scan. Overwrites scan_n_sigma.

scan_n_values: int

Number of values to be used for the parameter scan.

scan_n_sigmaint

Number of sigmas to scan.

scan_values: `numpy.array`

Scan values. Overwrites all the scan keywords before.

scale_method{‘scale10’, ‘factor1’, None}

Method used to set factor and scale.

interp{“lin”, “sqrt”, “log”}

Parameter scaling to use for the scan.

is_normbool

Whether the parameter represents the flux norm of the model.

priorPrior

Prior set on the parameter.

covariance#
default_parameters = <gammapy.modeling.parameter.Parameters object>#
frozen#

Frozen status of a model, True if all parameters are frozen.

is_energy_dependent#
parameters#

Parameters as a Parameters object.

reference_time#

Reference time in MJD.

t_ref#

A model parameter.

Note that the parameter value has been split into a factor and scale like this:

value = factor x scale

Users should interact with the value, quantity or min and max properties and consider the fact that there is a factor` and scale an implementation detail.

That was introduced for numerical stability in parameter and error estimation methods, only in the Gammapy optimiser interface do we interact with the factor, factor_min and factor_max properties, i.e. the optimiser “sees” the well-scaled problem.

Parameters
namestr

Name.

valuefloat or Quantity

Value.

scalefloat, optional

Scale (sometimes used in fitting).

unitUnit or str, optional

Unit.

minfloat, optional

Minimum (sometimes used in fitting).

maxfloat, optional

Maximum (sometimes used in fitting).

frozenbool, optional

Frozen (used in fitting).

errorfloat

Parameter error.

scan_minfloat

Minimum value for the parameter scan. Overwrites scan_n_sigma.

scan_maxfloat

Minimum value for the parameter scan. Overwrites scan_n_sigma.

scan_n_values: int

Number of values to be used for the parameter scan.

scan_n_sigmaint

Number of sigmas to scan.

scan_values: `numpy.array`

Scan values. Overwrites all the scan keywords before.

scale_method{‘scale10’, ‘factor1’, None}

Method used to set factor and scale.

interp{“lin”, “sqrt”, “log”}

Parameter scaling to use for the scan.

is_normbool

Whether the parameter represents the flux norm of the model.

priorPrior

Prior set on the parameter.

tag = ['LinearTemporalModel', 'linear']#
type#

Methods Documentation

__call__(time, energy=None)#

Evaluate model.

Parameters
timeTime

Time object.

energyQuantity, optional

Energy. Default is None.

Returns
valuesQuantity

Model values.

copy(**kwargs)#

Deep copy.

static evaluate(time, alpha, beta, t_ref)[source]#

Evaluate at given times.

freeze()#

Freeze all parameters.

classmethod from_dict(data, **kwargs)#

Create a temporal model from a dictionary.

Parameters
datadict

Dictionary containing the model parameters.

**kwargsdict

Keyword arguments passed to from_parameters.

classmethod from_parameters(parameters, **kwargs)#

Create model from parameter list.

Parameters
parametersParameters

Parameters for init.

Returns
modelModel

Model instance.

integral(t_min, t_max)[source]#

Evaluate the integrated flux within the given time intervals.

Parameters
t_minTime

Start times of observation.

t_maxTime

Stop times of observation.

Returns
normfloat

Integrated flux norm on the given time intervals.

plot(time_range, ax=None, n_points=100, **kwargs)#

Plot the temporal model.

Parameters
time_rangeTime

Times to plot the model.

axAxes, optional

Axis to plot on.

n_pointsint

Number of bins to plot model. Default is 100.

**kwargsdict

Keywords forwarded to errorbar.

Returns
axAxes, optional

Matplotlib axes.

reassign(datasets_names, new_datasets_names)#

Reassign a model from one dataset to another.

Parameters
datasets_namesstr or list

Name of the datasets where the model is currently defined.

new_datasets_namesstr or list

Name of the datasets where the model should be defined instead. If multiple names are given the two list must have the save length, as the reassignment is element-wise.

Returns
modelModel

Reassigned model.

sample_time(n_events, t_min, t_max, t_delta='1 s', random_state=0)#

Sample arrival times of events.

Parameters
n_eventsint

Number of events to sample.

t_minTime

Start time of the sampling.

t_maxTime

Stop time of the sampling.

t_deltaQuantity, optional

Time step used for sampling of the temporal model. Default is 1 s.

random_state{int, ‘random-seed’, ‘global-rng’, RandomState}

Defines random number generator initialisation. Passed to get_random_state. Default is 0.

Returns
timeQuantity

Array with times of the sampled events.

static time_sum(t_min, t_max)#

Total time between t_min and t_max.

Parameters
t_min, t_maxTime

Lower and upper bound of integration range.

Returns
time_sumTimeDelta

Summed time in the intervals.

to_dict(full_output=False)#

Create dictionary for YAML serilisation.

unfreeze()#

Restore parameters frozen status to default.